::: VICTOR TSAI :::

感謝由中時電子報所舉辦的2008年全球華文部落格大獎比賽，讓我有這個機會入圍初選。自幼就接受美術教育的我，曾經一度灰心，甚至在一項教育部的調查裡，我成了唯一否決美術教育的人，後來我帶著一片陰霾與我進入了軍中服役，但是我比別人幸運，我到了一個好單位，有好的師長與認識了一些好的學長，讓我的軍旅生涯對我在設計專業上成長了許多，不致於有所荒廢，在各方面的能力也有所進步。出國深造前，我整整思考了這兩年，究竟要念什麼科系，後來到了英國，一些前輩的影響與建議，我亦難決然的投入應用工藝(Applied Crafts)的行列，在英國，我也遇到了很好的老師與學長，讓我在學習的厚度上非常的豐富。當初會寫部落格的原因，也只是想忠實的記錄自我，而我也很樂意與人分享我的心得。現在我心中的那片陰霾已經一點一滴的逐漸消散，消散的原因，是因為我透過像這樣子不斷的自我對話，而愈來愈釐清心中的思緒，不管是與人交談或者透過身體的對話，例如眼睛、鼻子、嘴巴、觸覺、腳等，都是與外界接觸的一種方式，但是到最後，在夜裡，我仍得要面對自己，與自己對話，於是我就把這些對話的過程忠實的記錄下來，有些在我的小本本裡、有些就在這個部落格裡。

入圍的時候，我內心浮現了一個場景；那是畢業展的前夕，我在會場的門口遇見我的指導老師，他看見我第一句話問我：「你做成這樣，是不是想得第一名？」我很直覺的回答他：「我只是想盡我能的去做，不想留下遺憾。」老師聽了，微笑的點點頭就走。那一幕一直映在我的心裡，更堅定了一件事：「做最好的自己。」我無法去控制他人或者結果，我能做的就是做好自己的事、過好自己的生活，我總是這麼提醒自己。如果真有什麼好事發生，那也是因為身邊的人或者他人的幫助及付出，才會有所成就的成績，這些榮耀都應該是感謝他人的。

這棟位於Leicester市區的starbucks看似沒什麼特別之處，但對我而言，他給了我在英國很大的支持力量。在我當初踏上英國的留學之旅，一個人來到這個完全人生地不熟的地方，當初甚至連語言也不通的時候，這裡是我第一感覺到英國溫暖地方，想不到居然是在美國人開的店（笑）。

由於我是獨自來到英國，並且一個人住在學校的宿舍中，在完全沒有適應的情況下，連三餐的問題都只能草草了事，幾乎每天只能靠土司果腹，上完語言學校的課就獨自回到沒有人的學校宿舍，沒有網路、沒有朋友幾乎與外界斷絕聯絡。這故事是過了一個月之後，有一次上完課後，因為上過一個月的課程，開始認識了一些朋友，其中認識一位是40幾歲的台灣印尼華僑，他原本在印尼開設家具工廠，後來因為遷廠於是順便休息到國外進修，有一天因為他的一個室友生日，於是他請大家出去吃飯，而我也被邀約了，我們到一間英國連鎖餐廳Nados'吃飯，吃完飯後，在回家途中他突然提議要去這間starbucks去喝咖啡，說實在，那個時候我很害怕去英國的任何一間商店，因為他們總是感覺充滿敵意，尤其在語言不通的情況下，這種情形更嚴重，在英國的習慣會依照說話的程度來評斷一個人的身份與地位，甚至是口音，在英國如果想找到好一點的工作，就必須操著一口流利的「倫敦腔」，縱使你是劍橋或者牛津畢業的學生，也不外乎。場景回到我在等候點餐的隊伍，當輪到我的時候，櫃檯站著一個不高、瘦瘦的女生但是他的身段很好，看起來像是位舞者，他擁有一頭金色的頭髮與碧藍的眼睛，他綁著馬尾看起來格外清新，他用濃郁的英國腔問我要點些什麼，那時候我根本一點都聽不懂他在講什麼，當我正顯示出一臉疑惑的時候，他展現了微笑，並放慢他說話的速度，挑了些簡單的句子，再問我一次要點些什麼，這時候我大概知道他問我什麼，雖然是menu上的單字我真的看不懂幾個，但是那是我第一次感受到如此的善意，尤其是大中小杯的差別：分別是Venti(大杯)、Grande(中杯)、Tall(小杯)，當時我連這個都不懂，於是乎我只說我懂得飲料拿鐵(Latte)，我付錢，也拿到了我的咖啡，這位女服務生重頭到尾一直對我展現出耐心，而這杯咖啡也讓我第一次在英國有溫飽的感覺。

過了一、二個禮拜，因為準備進入下一個課程，有幾天的休假，而我也搬到離市區比較近的地方，而我的心裡一直懷唸著那個味道，因此我"鼓起勇氣"決定自己再去一次那間starbucks，當我走進店裡，那位女服務生依舊在那裡，換我點餐時候，我依舊用很生硬的英文點餐，但是我的聽力有些進步了，所以我比較習慣英式的腔調，這次在我點餐的同時，他同樣的表現出相當的耐心與善意，而且還告訴一些發音的問題，例如Grande(中杯)就有兩種發音方式，最後的「e」的音，可以是「滴」聲狀或者「得」聲狀結尾。因為這樣，我去這間starbucks的次數便多了，即使在我們這裡有兩間starbucks及無數家的咖啡店，例如Nero or Costa，在我每次去的時候，那位女服務總是會是著跟我交談幾句並且很樂意告訴我的發音，人家總是問我的英文怎麼會有英國腔的，我想有一部分要感謝這位服務生。

後來因為開學，我有一陣子沒再去，等我再去的時候他就不在了，然後出現了一批人，讓我印象最深的是一個個子不高、黑黑的、理個平頭，看起來像是小土著的店員；還有一個胖胖的、留著紅色捲曲絡塞鬍的白人跟一個高高的、褐色卷髮每次都帶個法橭的可愛白人女生，他每次笑的時候都會露出他那不太整齊的牙齒，他們三個最後都變成了我的好朋友，尤其在我閉關寫論文的那段時間，每次只要寫到瓶頸或鬱悶，我便會去這間店裡坐一坐，而他們也似乎都知道了我的口味，總是會跟我說說笑笑並且知道我的口味是什麼，還會幫我調配。這就是一個這麼有趣的地方，從我開始到結束，總是留下最好的回憶，當然在這間店裡總是會遇到很多人，不管是不是朋友，總是會激盪出不同的想法與感覺，我經常坐在大片落地窗的沙發上，看著這個國家的人來來往往，心想，這跟台灣有什麼不一樣呢？那裡不同？這裡的天空、建築與人事物。

以前，我忘了是哪位老師跟我說過，學習空間設計的最好方法，便是去體驗，去這個建築、這個空間親自體驗，去交換彼此的能量，這就是「累積」最好的方法，我在英國、在歐洲這個些國家，真正的體會到這句話的含意，一種可意會而不可言說的方法，它已經潛移默化的在我的身心靈之中了。

建築能不能用淘氣來形容，我不確定。假設就這棟建築的造型與用色而言，他的確是一棟很淘氣的建築。我想全英國建築型態存在最多的區域非倫敦莫屬，在倫敦城裡，你可以看見各式各樣的建築，可能是維多利亞式風格(Victorian Architecture 1837-1901)或者更早的形式，也可能是舉世無名的後現代建築，並且剛剛才落成使用，這一切許多的可能猶如他們的民族性，沒錯，我說的是大不列顛民族的個性，如果你認為英國是個法治的國家，我到認為更正確的說他是一個人治的國家，只是這個人治的國家比較守法，他可能會堅守幾百年來的傳統，但也可能一個原因就馬上推翻，如同這些不同林立的建築，這樣的情形在英國的首都-倫敦更為明顯。一個都市的建築可以表現出一個區域的民族性，例如一個首都可以代表一個國家，而一個城鎮則可以代表這個國家的過去，歷史的痕跡是會刻劃在建築上的。這棟建築就像在告訴我們，這個國家偶爾也會有幾個搗蛋鬼存在，我就是淘氣，我不想背負沈重的歷史責任，因為我還年輕，我準備有新的開始。

包浩斯(Bauhaus)對於學設計的人而言，是多麼熟悉的一個名稱，他不僅代表了一間學校、更是一種風格與世界的改變。你對於包浩斯存有什麼樣的幻想？你對於包浩斯這個名詞又了解多少？看看藍天底下這棟灰色的建築物，他正式不折不扣的標準包浩斯建築，或許你會訝異！跟你想像的不太一樣，尤其你正站在他的底下，甚至是去使用它，不要懷疑，起初我也跟你一樣非常的驚訝，如此醜陋的建築竟然是有名頂頂的包浩斯建築，對不起，我必須說他醜陋，既使他是我的系館，而且還是包浩斯流派著名的英國建築師所設計。包浩斯的建築就是這樣講究它的功能性，完全的水平與垂直線條，將功能主義表現的淋漓盡致，這棟建築共有11樓高，高樓在英國是非常少見，大多聳立在倫敦，而在我們這樣一個工業城裡，它真的很明顯。設計總是帶給人們許多的幻想，也因此設計一詞在現代變成了一種生活的品味與風格，但對多數的設計師而言，設計上有許多工作經常是猶如工人般的辛勤，大概只有在參加晚宴派對的場所，才會顯示出設計師的光鮮亮麗，這好像也跟一般人沒什麼兩樣。例如幫你建房子的建築師或者做裝潢的室內設計師，我想大都數的人皮膚應該都很鴢黑，甚至看起來跟個工頭沒什麼兩樣，或許他們就是工頭，經常穿梭在工地之中，只為了在落成或者交屋的剎那，一切是如此的閃亮與新穎。很明顯的，現代人對於設計的認知似乎產生很大的差距，對於設計的價值也產生了模糊的概念。

這是位於倫敦泰晤士河畔的一棟商業大樓，很明顯的這棟大樓屬於後現代的建築風格，戲謔的程度已經完全的呈現在外表之下，將玻璃帷幕的運用昇華至看似一齣舞台劇，簡單的幾何形狀就是他最大的特徵，表面上就只呈現出一種材質感，透過河畔的倒影，好像讓泰晤士河的水也流經了這棟大樓的身體。倫敦的EC經融區真的是一個很有趣的地方，雖然他是辦公的場所，但也擁有非常大的反差在於新舊建築的比較，像似跨越了好幾個世紀的建築師，一同較競的場所。因為大陸的快速開發，尤其在北京，我們總會說北京出現了老舊落差很大的奇景，但在倫敦這個老都市裡，也同樣的呈現出這樣的景色，或許我們對於北京城的差距就不再感到訝異，而是改變我們對於看事情的態度，原來落差的不是景色而是我們的觀念，因此觀念是如此的不可捉摸，說變就變，非常無常，設計中我們總是想追求恆常不變得經典設計，後來才發現，設計才是最脆弱的一環，說變就變，禀棄掉追求恆常的設計觀念，或許才會造就出當下的經典設計。

這是位於蘇格蘭與英格蘭交界的湖區裡的一個小鎮上的商店，這間商店賣的是一些紀念品與遊客中心，他的特別之處在於他建構在一個很狹隘的河道上，這間商店的大小約2-3坪，我不知道當初是居於什麼原因有這棟建築，但我可以肯定他建構的年代一定很久遠了，起碼有百年的歷史。英國屬於古老大陸型地塊，因此地震不多，多數的建築在整地完後便開始建構，雖說地震不多，但我很幸運的也讓我遇上一次，那次的經驗規模不大，比起經歷過921地震的我，可說是小巫見大巫，但恐懼的成份卻不在話下，因為這些百年建築真的經不起晃，一晃就倒！這棟建築如果放在台灣，它肯定是個大違建，光看就令人捏把冷汗了，又哪來的這番詩情畫意？原來建築的氛圍是需要地理條件的依靠，如同環境造就了建築、也造就了地價。

這是一篇我在英國所撰寫的關於解構主義建築的專文。裡面是我對解構主義建築的研究與探討，將來的時間譯成中文版與各位中文的讀者分享。當初想撰寫此專文的原因乃對於數位建築之興趣，之前所發表的《實驗性數位建築 Demonstrating Digital Architecture》作品或許是個動機，延續此意念而撰寫此篇專文，倘若內容未有詳盡之處，請多包含。

Contents

1. Introduction
1.1  History of Deconstructionism
1.2  The Jacques Derrida theory
1.3  Definition of Deconstructionism

2. Analysis of Mark Wigley, The domestication of the house: deconstruction after architecture
2.1 Contextual appraisal
          2.1.1 Introduction
          2.1.2 The subject position of the author
          2.1.3 The piece appearance the context
          2.1.4 The expectation readership
          2.1.5 Expertise with the subject matter
2.2 Analysis of author's method
          2.2.1 Identify the sources used
          2.2.2 The methodology of evidence
2.3 Analysis of theory
2.4 Analysis of argument
2.5 Critical assessment

3. Deconstructionism Architecture
3.1 Frank Owen Gehry, deconstructionist architect
                3.1.1 Introduction
                3.1.2 The method of architecture design
                3.1.3 Conclusion
3.2 Zaha Hadid, deconstructionist architect
                3.2.1 Introduction
                3.2.2 The method of architecture design
                3.2.3 Conclusion

4. The relevance of Deconstructionism to my major project: An examination of the design process for a range of jewellery for accessorizing consumer products
4.1 Introduction
4.2 Rethinking, refining and rebuilding
4.3 Application design method

5. Conclusions

6. References & Bibliography



1. Introduction

1.1 History of Deconstructionism

Deconstructionism as an approach to criticism comes from the work of Jacques Derrida during the period between the late 1960s and the early 1980s. Derrida was one of an important group at Yale University containing Geoffrey Hartman, Paul de Man and J. Hillis Miller. Deconstruction has important connections with much of Western philosophy and Derrida was very much influenced by the theory of phenomenology as set out by Edmund Husserl who was an early user of the term "Deconstruction". Structuralism and Post-Structuralism are also connected with deconstructionism because of their influence on its development. The theory of deconstructionism has been very widely applied in the field of art and design. Western philosophy has been connected with deconstructionism, because so many significant philosophers have been influenced by it.

 

1.2 The Jacques Derrida theory

Jacques Derrida was born in Algiers in 1930. He published three significant theories: Of Grammatology, Speech and Phenomena, and Writing and Difference. Derrida explains deconstructionism in two ways. Deconstructionism famously borrows from Martin Heidegger's conception of a "destructive retrieve" and in another way, deconstructionism generally reserved meanings that show, at least partly, the outer surface of the metaphysical tradition. Deconstructionism is also vague in logic. Derrida considers that deconstructionism connects many texts. This is the reason deconstructionism cannot be explained easily. For example, he said, "writing is not a sign of a sign, except if one says it of all signs, which would be more profoundly true." Derrida gives these negative concepts of deconstructionism to indirectly describe "what deconstruction is not, or rather ought not to be." He explains that deconstructionism is not a method, an analysis and a critique. He considers that deconstructionism cannot be understood by traditional philosophical logic, because it is a synthetic logic special to philosophy. Even though deconstructionism has no real method, analysis and critique, Derrida repeats "the necessity of returning to them, at least under erasure." It is meaning that something was destroyed and then something is built. Derrida has not always defined deconstructionism very clearly because he conserves the infinite possibility of deconstructionism. It is the possibility for everything, he thought.

 

1.3 Definition of Deconstructionism

Many definitions of deconstructionism are nearly Derrida's theory. Deconstructionism is difficult to understand, define formally and sum up. Deconstruction was first applied by Martin Heidegger. Many authors have opposed giving a brief definition of the expression. What is deconstructionism? "I have no simple and formalisable response to this question. All my essays are attempts to have it out with this formidable question." Derrida said. In that case, it is very dangerous that deconstructionism resembles nihilism. In many situations, some people cannot quite understand deconstructionism and so find it hard to explain. Paul Ricoeur considers that religious learning can inspire the people and, furthermore, he claims that "deconstruction as a way of uncovering the questions behind the answers of a text or tradition."

 

2. Analysis of The domestication of the house: deconstruction after architecture

2.1 Contextual appraisal

2.1.1 Introduction

It is a book that is a discussion about deconstruction and the visual arts. The book is edited by Peter Brunette and David Wills. The book's title is ‘Deconstruction and the visual arts: art, media, architecture', Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1994. I select chapter 12 to analyze. The topic of chapter 12 is "The domestication of the house: deconstruction after architecture". The author is Mark Wigley. In this chapter, the purpose is a discussion about deconstruction and architecture. In modern times an active debate involving various disciplines has considered the question of architecture and deconstructionism. The author refers to some important concepts from Derrida and Heidegger, especially the term "spatial art".

 

2.1.2 The subject position of the author

The author, through discussion, aims to understand the relationship between architecture and the environment. He considers that Derrida and Heidegger's theories can help to find a new method. The method is defined on the new relationship of philosophy to spatial art. The author, Mark Wigley, through philosophy attempts to trace a more fundamental condition from the problems of living. He also discusses some basic questions. Those questions are extended to ask more questions about philosophy. He believes that some issues in specific architectural projects do not fit Derrida's theories.

 

2.1.3 The piece appearance the context

The meaning of inhabitancy is a central issue, but it must be destroyed when the discussion is beginning. The purpose is "the house itself". The issues are some kinds of signs linking philosophy and the object to be analysed. Deconstructionism has developed a connection with metaphysics. It can be explained that something is like the object. It is a specific kind of construction that really covers up the source construction it apparently exposes. Some issues also challenged the "limits". Those issues have been debated, but the principle is also to be challenged in order to find the new method.

 

2.1.4 The expectation readership

An architect also thinks about the relationship between people and living. Sometimes, it is a relation between society and environment. Le Corbusier, a famous twentieth century architect, discovered the Dom-ino system in the architecture structure. He figures that a building is a machine just for living. It is a significant evaluation but it is also a limiting one. The Dom-ino system can quickly build a house because it is a standard method of construction. Most architects who use this method cannot really think about "the house itself". People always follow the architect's idea. Presently, people also do not have the choice to construct a building according to their own ideas. It should be possible to let people think more about the relationship between living and function.

 

2.1.5 Expertise with the subject matter

It is assumed that the value is rebuilt from destruction. It is also talking about philosophy. There are some important terms in the subject matter. Deconstructionism involves contemporary social sciences, literary criticism and philosophy. In this article, the author does not talk much about the technique of architecture. He is using some theories to support some of his viewpoints and opinions. Metaphysics is an important philosophy for this issue. Metaphysics is also nearly the theory of deconstructionism but it is not. Metaphysics is a basic development of deconstructionism. For example, the shape of the house is what creates the difference between symbols and suitable possibilities but it is not, because according to "White Mythology", it is a symbol or metaphor.

 

2.2 Analysis of the author's method

2.2.1 Identify the sources used

In this text, the author is using the Harvard reference system. References are noted on the footnote. There are a total of 78 footnotes. Most references come from Jacques Derrida, Martin Heidegger and the author's own publications. There was not much original research undertaken by the author, because the chapter is about the methods of comparison and application. Authors usually talk about a concept and then it is proved from someone's theory. For example, he considers that something is important to address when he want to talk about architecture. But he cannot, because he only does ‘rethinking'. He produces an instance "all of Derrida's writing is rethinking of interiority and a displacement of "place".

 

2.2.2 The methodology of evidence

In this chapter, the author uses mass methods of literary criticism. For example, he would like to discuss "house". He quoted the works of Heidegger. Heidegger's opinion is well known -"Building, Dwelling, Thinking"- figuratively identifies considering a house. The author wants to find another meaning of ‘house'. It could be a good method but is not quite right. The building is for living. It is the connection with the behaviour of humans. The behaviour of humans cannot really be controlled. It is literally only a transformation. Simulation is a good method of behaviour testing. It can be understood when the behaviour demonstration is more accurate than literary criticism.

 

2.3 Analysis of theory

The key concept is to challenge the limit of the meaning of living. To deconstruct the traditional concept of a building being for a purpose, the author uses mass theories of philosophy to support his opinion. The focus of this theory is deconstructionism but deconstructionism must be traced back to the original theory. These original theories were divided into three parts: literary criticism, philosophy and the social sciences. First, the primary resource comes from Derrida's theory, especially in literary criticism. Second, the metaphysics is the initial concept in the philosophy. Third, the social science is compared with Heidegger's theory. The author claims that some of the questions about architecture do not appear in Derrida's work. Derrida's theory also depended on a certain view of a building that emerges in the word "deconstruction."

 

2.4 Analysis of the argument

The author usually focuses on literary criticism. It is a metaphor. He considers that symbol and decoration can be applied to architecture, and develop gradually as semiotics and philosophy. This idea is similar to the 20^th century architect Robert Venturi's concept. He has a well-known maxim "Less is a bore." He is a designer of the National Gallery, London. Robert Venturi had published a book: Complexity and Contradiction in Architecture in 1966. Some deconstructionists do not quite agree with Venturi's ideas in the book, because he does not distinguish between the decoration and the function. Those people think it is a problem in the function of building. For instance, Peter Eisenman, an architect, has designed the Wexner Centre for the Arts. The initial prototype of which is a castle. Peter Eisenman divides the castle into fragmentary shapes. Some of the frames run though the specific space. It can be felt to be conflicting and different. Those concepts are similar to Mark Wigley's basic theory.

 

2.5 Critical assessment

In this text, literary criticism is important. The author is using words to rethink what kind of new value can emerge. He rethinks about living and he considers that a house is a building. He refines it. He quotes Heidegger's opinion. Heidegger uses space rhetoric - "house," "enclosure," "shelter," "abode," "lodging," "inner," "proximity," "neighbourhood," - to rethink architecture. Literary criticism is also used in many fields.

 

The value of architecture is that it must keep rethinking about the mode of living to follow the changes in society. Since the 19^th century, the methods of construction have not changed too much. Even in the 20^th century, construction is a standardization form using Computer Aided Design/Manufacture. This can lead to architects that cannot really think about the relationship between essence and meaning in architecture. The author is, through philosophy, reviewing the value of architecture.

 

Finally, an overall conclusion is meaningful. The author has discussed architecture and interiors. It is a phenomenon concerning a space issue. I agree with the author's point. It can be extended into many concepts even though some people think it is ridiculous. Philosophers also cannot be understood when talking about some concepts. It is why philosophy is important to support the author's work. It is a standard academic discussion. I believe that literary criticism; philosophy and social sciences cannot be displaced. Those theories have a high academic value even if they are not applied to anything.

 

3. Deconstructionist Architecture

3.1 Frank Owen Gehry, deconstructionist architect

3.1.1 Introduction

Frank Owen Gehry is a Jewish architect who was born in Toronto, Canada. He has won the Pritzker Prize of architecture. He created many famous building worldwide. The most famous are the Guggenheim Museum in Bilbao, Spain, the Walt Disney Concert Hall in Los Angeles, United States, and the Dancing House in the Czech Republic. His style of architecture is "paper architecture". His buildings resemble a fragment from the plane, something like an extended surface. Gehry is a Deconstructivist but he has spent much time working as a traditional architect in his early years. Some people give Gehry very high evaluation but some people is not. The famous cartoon, the Simpsons, mocked Gehry's buildings as rubbish, even though Gehry is a well-known architect.

 

3.1.2 The method of architecture design

"I think my best skill as an architect is the achievement of hand-to-eye coordination; I am able to transfer a sketch into a model into the building," Gehry said. Gehry loves sketching. He always sketches anything. When he starts to make a design he also sketches his ideas. A movie, Sketches of Frank Gehry, records the design process of Gehry and traces his methods. Gehry sketches a design in a book and then he just uses cardboard and tape to finish his 3D model building. Then he finds the materials for the building. It is a complete record. In Gehry's sketch there are complex and indescribable shapes, but it is very interesting that the result is similar to those complex and indescribable shapes. Most people consider that Gehry just follows his mind and does not think too much. But Gehry said that he prefers to use sketches to demonstrate and display some states of chaos, which he compares with perfect architectural solutions.

 

Gehry consider that he is rebuilding the value. He uses the method to design many products not only buildings. For example, Gehry has designed jewellery for Tiffany & Co and tableware and furniture. He also uses his style to design those products. In those examples, it can be seen that the same method is producing the same style. In this case, there are three levels in the design method. First, what is the basic meaning in the original object? Second, what kind of concept should be showed? Third, what kinds of visual effects should be displayed? The three parts of the method are combined to produce a new product.

 

3.1.3 Conclusion

Gehry seems to break the rules. Those rules of architecture are not useful when Gehry displays his portfolios. It is similar Mark Wigley's opinion. Wigley explains through the word and Gehry shows the architecture of deconstruction. They are rethinking and redefining what architecture is. A phenomenon is behind another phenomenon. It means that we also believe anything when most people think it normal. But the truth is not because the phenomenon follows the time. When time is running and everything is changed. It is why deconstructionist must think about what it is in every time. So deconstruction has no accurate explanation.

 

3.2 Zaha Hadid, deconstructionist architect

3.2.1 Introduction

Zaha Hadid was born October 31, 1950 in Baghdad, Iraq. She graduated from the Architectural Association School of Architecture in London. Zaha Hadid is the first woman to win the Pritzker Architecture Prize in 2004. Zaha Hadid also can understand how to promote herself. She has a good understanding of the media. She even has a blog, www.zahahadidblog.com, and the blog is maintained well. If people want to know about her recent information they can get some news on her blog. Unfortunately, Hadid's designs were not much built, because her style is stronger and also would be very expensive to build. Hadid is different from Gehry because she uses Computer Aided Design. The shapes of Hadid's design projects have more curves than Gehry's. Gehry's buildings are sharp-pointed but Hadid's models are smoother, especially in recent years.

 

3.2.2 The method of architecture design

Zaha Hadid's method is similar to Gehry's. Gehry usually sketches the idea. Hadid paints hers. Her painting style is similar "De Stijl". Those paintings inspired Hadid. She quite can find the shapes from the painting. She rebuilds the shapes to become the source of architecture. Zaha Hadid not only designs for architecture, she has designed a handbag for the Louis Vuitton brand. She is also designs furniture and so on.

 

Zaha Hadid's style is a highly dynamic image. It is not difficult to understand. When you enter Hadid's office website and you can see that the menu bar is constructed from the streamline. She uses a variety of media to display her work and she uses them well. She makes the 3D model from the computer and she uses it to compose the object and show the result. She is famous in ‘Demonstrating Digital Architecture'. Recently, Computer Aided Design has become more generally used. Many deconstructionist designers are beginning to use computers to help them to create complex works. They depend on high technology to create new methods or concepts.

 

3.2.3 Conclusion

I believe that Hadid and Gehry really are to practice themselves mind. In their portfolios the architecture of deconstructionism is shown. Even though some of parts are not accepted, it is a way of discovering new methods by rethinking the ones that exist now. Deconstructionists destroy the original object and then rebuild it. Those ancient philosophies are to help us to rethink about the problem of the life. It is the reason that many designers or artists are always showing new ideas and only a few people can understand them.

 

4. The relevance of Deconstructionism to my major project: An examination of the design process for a range of jewellery for accessorizing consumer products

4.1 Introduction

I aim to create a range of jewellery that can accessorize a variety of consumer products. I found that the little products were a combination of jewellery and a consumer product. But more and more consumer products are considered to be a kind of accessory. For example, a mobile phone was considered a communication tool, but nowadays, a mobile phone is considered to be a fashion statement. Advertisers are not emphasising the quality of communication, they are highlighting the style of fashion. I think that I could find the different meaning for the style or function.

 

4.2 Rethinking, refining and rebuilding

In Derrida's theory, he thinks that literary criticism is important. He uses the word to change another word. I follow Derrida's theory to change the words. First, I rethink "jewellery and product," "accessory and function." When I try to rethink about it and I get a problem. The problem is that the range is too wide. I must decrease the range of rethinking. I divide the relation between jewellery and product. I just focus on jewellery or product. If I focus on product and I must decrease it again. The product is defined as a consumer product. There are many kinds of consumer products. What kind of consumer product do I want? It is a question. The method is also asking myself the question. I can get the important result. Rethinking is the process of asking. In this process, it can quickly get the answer no matter whether I get a good idea or not. It is the clue and it can also help discover another answer. When I decide the object and I can redefine the meaning. I extend the meaning for my purpose. I trace the new definition from those words. Rebuilding is to combine those words. For example, I have two words "decoration" and "speaking". I combine decoration and speaking together. I get a new word "lipstick". At fact, Nokia had produced a famous mobile phone. It is called "lipstick", because the shape is similar to a lipstick. Even though the phone's function is poor, its decorative image is very strong.

 

4.3 Application of the design method

1. What is the basic meaning in the original object?

2. What kind of concept should be showed?

3. What kinds of visual effects should be displayed?

There are three parts in Gehry's concept. I can use a computer to help me to find new shapes in my design process. I was inspired by Zaha Hadid and mixed the methods from Gehry and Hadid. I can sketch to find the inspirations or I can paint a picture to deconstruct those curves. I have many methods to help me. I can try everything. I explode the range and then I decrease the main idea. It is the process of deconstruction until I decide the main purpose.

 

5. Conclusions

Deconstructionism is a complex concept. It connects with so many issues and theories. I believe that the purpose of deconstructionism is as a tool to help people to think more clearly. What is truth? Some types of intelligence do not come from knowledge and books; they depend on ability. It can guide you the right way. This ability can be practiced. The way is always to ask the question yourself. It is the main idea of deconstructionism because it is the behaviour of deconstruction. I would like to quote Derrida's words in my last conclusion. If you ask Derrida "What is deconstruction?" I believe that Derrida will tell you "To ask the question in your question."

 

6. References & Bibliography

Carole Gray and Julian Malins, Visualizing Research: A guide to the research process in the art and design, Ashgate, 2004.

Christopher Norris, Deconstruction: Theory and Practice, Routledge, 1991.

Derrida, Jacques, Letter to A Japanese Friend, Derrida and Différance, ed. David Wood and Robert Bernasconi, Warwick: Parousia, 1985, p. 1.

Frank O. Gehry, arcspace, (Online) Available: http://www.arcspace.com/gehry_new/ (Accessed 02/01/07)

Julian Wolfreys, Deconstruction-Derrida, Macmillan Press Ltd, 1998.

Martin Heidegger, Being and Time, pp. 25-26.

Peter Brunette and David Wills, Deconstruction and the visual arts: art, media, architecture, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1994.

Rorty, Richard, From Formalism to Poststructuralism. The Cambridge History of Literary Criticism, vol. 8. Cambridge: Cambridge UP, 1995.

Sydney Pollack, Sketches of Frank Gehry, (Online) Available: http://www.sonyclassics.com/sketchesoffrankgehry/main.html (Accessed 26/12/07)

Zaha Hadid, Zaha Hadid office website, (Online) Available: www.zaha-hadid.com (Accessed 28/12/07)

Zaha Hadid, Zaha Hadid blog, (Online) Available: www.zahahadidblog.com/ (Accessed 30/12/07),

「微型建築」一詞相信學過近代設計史的人並不陌生，這是一座劍橋大學的戶外導覽系統，他利用銅鑄將劍橋大學的學院分布標示，還加上了盲人點字系統，非常有趣。微型建築指的是在產品設計上的一種風格，將建築的形態縮小成一般家庭用的茶具等，著名的義大利品牌ALESSI便生產過這樣的產品。在建築的設計過程中，模型的製作是一個非常重要的步驟，不僅是檢視整個設計案的3D造型呈現，甚至可以是建築師創作的一種方式，例如著名的美國建築師Frank Gehry，他經常就利用模型當做雕塑品，進行建築物的設計，他先利用草圖繪製出概念之後，便著手開始進行模型的工作，有興趣的人可以在Sketches of Frank Gehry一片中看見他設計的過程。建築設計的過程中，要考慮到的因素很多，許多學科也可以被獨立出來討論，因此，也有人把建築當做是一種大型的雕塑品進行設計，試圖從造型中去發掘更多的可能，有時候可以發現，現在愈分愈細、項目愈來愈多的設計科系，究竟有沒有必要？比較文藝復興時期的藝術家，似乎囊括了所有藝術項目，建築也是八大藝術之一，或許正因為這樣的藝術人文素養是很豐富的，才造就了許多輝煌的歷史，或者是現代對於藝術與設計的追求與動機全變了調。

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