蕭艸梅之艸梅垣

（杜正勝部長於2006年7月30日的致詞內容）

中央研究院臺灣史研究所和倫敦政治經濟學院（LSE）共同舉辦國際研討會，探討歐洲人對臺灣的認識和觀點，我應邀參加開幕，並致祝賀之詞，感到非常榮幸。看到「臺灣研究」在國內外逐漸受到學術界的重視，我也感到非常欣慰。

我個人的專業研究是中國古代史，但在臺灣社會不論贊成或反對我的人多把我當臺灣專家，某種程度上甚至是「臺灣」的代表之一。這是因為我以前發表過以 臺灣為中心而看世界歷史的同心圓史觀，也採用過一張以臺灣為中心而看周邊地區的地圖。於是我成為五十年來最重視臺灣歷史文化的教育部長。其實我認為今天臺 灣的教育工作首要在培育學子成為一個現代國民，但要從臺灣主體出發，從自己所在的土地發展出來，不是只侷限在自己這一塊土地而已。教育要有寬廣的世界觀， 有全球視野，最終成為關懷社會、服務人群的「全人」。所以兩年多前就任部長不久，提出四年施政主軸，也就是教育的方針：第一要作為【現代國民】，第二要有 【臺灣主體】，第三要有【全球視野】，第四要有【社會關懷】。這也許可以說是我的教育哲學吧，顯然也和同心圓史觀有一些關聯。教育部就是秉持著這種理念培 育臺灣的『現代國民』，努力推動本土教育，讓學生瞭解自己生存的土地及人群真真實實的過去、現在以及未來，讓臺灣子弟認識自己的國家，找回自己的立足點， 有從臺灣出發的歷史觀。

我的想法放在當今世界，也有互相連結之處。西方的學術傳統長久以來「臺灣」不能成為一個獨立的範疇，歐美大學基本沒有什麼「臺灣研究」，即使有也只 附屬於『中國研究』或『漢學』領域而已。然而臺灣走過二十世紀下半50年，她做為一個國家依然屹立不搖，而且經濟起飛，社會自由化，政治民主化，連帶人們 的生活與文化也都和中國有很大的區別。尤其重要的是臺灣人產生新的自我認識，也就是臺灣意識的覺醒（這也是一個觀點的問題，正符合本次研討會的主題）。臺 灣國內產生這些變化，歐美學術界或社會也有這個跡象。加州大學柏克萊校區一位朋友告訴我，美國年輕一輩的學者和老輩不同，他們不再把臺灣當作了解中國的一 個管道，而認為臺灣也可以作為單獨被研究的對象。換句話說，在國際學術界，臺灣成為研究的object而不是研究中國的工具。有鑒於此，本部認為具有主體 性的臺灣要走向世界，須推動「臺灣研究」的國際化工作，努力讓世界重視這塊土地和上面世世代代生存的臺灣人，國內外人士一起從事客觀而具啟發性的研究。

在東亞世界，朝鮮半島和越南北部在兩千年前就直接被中國統治，上層社會感染很深的中國文化。日本雖未被中國統治，文化則深受影響。臺灣雖然晚到十七 世紀下半，中國的勢力才入侵，但由於212年的統治和漢人社會的形成，使臺灣的命運與韓、日、越截然不同。今天討論「臺灣研究」是不能脫離這樣的歷史情境 的。除近代的日本之外，面對中國，韓、越都和臺灣一樣，感受極大的壓力，不論是政治面或文化面，最近還有經濟面。臺灣推動「臺灣研究」，我認為要以日韓為 師。日本政府早在於1972年，設立「日本國際交流基金會」﹙Japan Foundation﹚專責在全球推動日本研究﹙Japanese Studies﹚。相關經費1年超過新台幣6億5千多萬元，已在世界一百多國，開設超過1,500件長短期之日本研究講座及計畫案；而韓國政府亦於 1991年成立「韓國國際交流財團」﹙Korea Foundation﹚負責推動全球韓國研究﹙Korean Studies﹚工作。其相關經費1年約新台幣2億8千多萬元，在世界62國，開設735個包括韓國語文、歷史及文化的講座計畫。

反觀我國，自1989年政府與民間共同捐贈約新台幣30億元設立「蔣經國國際文教交流基金會」﹙政府資金佔48﹪﹚，每年以孳息所得約1億元用於推 動學術交流。由於臺灣經歷自認為是「中國」到覺醒自己是「臺灣」的過程，蔣基會設立於轉變之前，所以臺灣研究只能成為中國研究的附屬品。該會自創立以來共 補助2428件，其中臺灣研究只有575件，不到4分之1。2005年該會臺灣研究支出金額約為韓國的6分之1，日本的16分之1，顯然遠遠不足。

基於此一嚴峻情勢，教育部乃另行推動「臺灣研究」講座國際合作計畫，目前已推動者，跟世界四個著名大學合作設立「臺灣研究」講座，分別是：

基於此一嚴峻情勢，教育部乃另行推動「臺灣研究」講座國際合作計畫，目前已推動者，跟世界四個著名大學合作設立「臺灣研究」講座，分別是：

1、與日本早稻田大學合作設立「臺灣研究所」， 自2003至08年，為期5年，辦理臺灣研究相關之研習、講座、研討會及臺灣研究刊物出版。

2、與荷蘭萊頓大學成立漢學講座計畫，2006年本部與該校簽訂第2期5年合作計畫協議，計畫名稱為「IIAS歐洲教授計畫」，將推行至2011年，每年由教育部選派教授乙名赴該校講授漢學或臺灣研究。

3、與英國劍橋大學東方研究院合作推動5年期「臺灣研究講座」，自2006年10月起正式開課，內容涵蓋臺灣文學、藝術、人文與社會科學。

4、與英國大學倫敦政經學院，於本年設立「臺灣文化研究講座」，聘請博士後研究人員專責辦理與臺灣文化研究有關的研討會，並有專屬電子刊物及網站。

目前還在規劃之「臺灣研究」相關計畫尚有

1、日本東京地區四所重要大學，設立四年期「臺灣研究講座」，執行方式為，我方派學者一人在上述四所大學開設「臺灣研究」課程。此一計劃接近完成。

2、哈佛大學提出四年期「台語課程」。

3、美國加州大學聖塔芭芭拉校區提出設置『臺灣研究基金』。

4、美國聖地牙哥大學提議「臺灣研究」。

5、密西根大學提出設立「臺灣文化研究講座」。

6、加州大學柏克萊校區提議捐贈臺灣講座永久教職，而以華人在世界各地的擴散為主題。

上述各案本部目前正審慎評估及洽談中，並將提報行政院。

除於國外一流大學設立「臺灣研究講座」的作法外，本部也於2004年推動「臺灣研究訪問學者」獎助計畫，協助並鼓勵有志於臺灣研究之教授學者前來臺 灣各大學講學或在學術機構進行實地研究工作，截至目前，已經有美加日澳俄等20國49名學者獲本部獎助來台，本年預計可獎助45名。

此外我願將兩年前在國內培植臺灣研究的作為向與會學者簡單報告。

以臺灣為主體的教育須要有傑出的臺灣學術研究做基礎才會成功。過去的臺灣，在國民黨統治下，臺灣研究是不被鼓勵的，甚至有些危險。現在臺灣150多 所大學中，說有臺灣研究的學系、研究所或碩士在職專班包括語言、文學、歷史、民族、文化、考古、藝術等等，2001年只有22個，到今年則增加到77個。 每個學系或研究所的教師人力皆極單薄，大概只有四、五人而已。（當然相對於外國大學的臺灣研究，我國的人力還是充足的。）所以這兩年來我在教師員額上有政 策性的補充，期望能逐漸壯大「臺灣研究」的人力。2002至2007新增139人，其中2004~07年這四年便增加111人。

最後回到本研討會的主題──歐洲的臺灣觀點。任何人到臺灣，寫下他的所見、所聞、所思，便構成一個臺灣觀點。此一觀點影響到一地、一國的人，便形成 某一地區或國家的觀點。當然，一地或一國是會有多種觀點的，所以同是臺灣這個Object，我們可以看到有所謂的中國觀點、日本觀點、歐洲觀點等等；自然 而然地，臺灣人的臺灣觀點也不應該缺席。

十七世紀荷蘭東印度公司（VOC）最後一任臺灣長官Frederik Coyett和土地測量師Philippus Daniel Meij van Meijensteen，十八世紀法國耶穌會教士馮秉正（Moyriac de MAILLA）十九世紀英國的燈塔看守員George Taylor和領事Robert Swinhoe等等，都給我們留下他們的臺灣觀點。各位這三天來臺灣討論歐洲的臺灣學觀點，我相信各位的觀點必將豐富臺灣學的內容，也許還會成為新的歐美 觀點而影響臺灣人。

預祝研討會有豐富的收穫，也祝各位與會學者身體健康，尤其是遠道來臺的外國朋友在臺灣期間生活愉快。

 

- Opening Address -

International Conference on Re-writing Culture: Perspectives via Taiwan

Taiwan Study: Independent Sphere

 

 

Tu Cheng-Sheng

Member of Academia Sinica

Minister of Education, Taiwan

30-07-2006

Distinguished Guests, Scholars of Taiwan Studies, Ladies and Gentlemen.

It is an honor to be invited to address the opening ceremony of this prestigious international conference on Re-writing Culture: Perspectives via Taiwan”, organized by the Academia Sinica’s Institute of Taiwan History and the London School of Economics and Political Science, to discuss the viewpoints and interpretations of European researchers about Taiwan. It is a significant tribute to Taiwan to see that so much attention is being paid to its history, by academics.

My professional area of academic expertise is Ancient Chinese History. Currently, my historical view and research about Taiwan, supports the growing national consciousness in Taiwan. It is my theory that Taiwan’s place in world history should be examined from inside the middle of the research concentric circle.

Regardless of people’s individual opinions about my research, I am also recognized as a specialist on Taiwan’s history and to some extent, a representative of Taiwan. Perhaps, this is why I am known as the Minister of Education who pays close attention to the history and culture of Taiwan.

My first job as Minister of Education was to put four aspects of educational policies into effect. The first is to offer educational opportunities to our students, in order to prepare them as ”modern citizens “ for Taiwan and the world.

The second is “Taiwan’s Subjectivity” to help students to develop an understanding of their homeland, Taiwan. The third aspect is to provide an education that includes exposure to “global views and visions”. The fourth aspect is to educate our young people to be “whole or integrated human beings”; individuals who care about the society that they live in and who enjoy helping others. This plan supports my educational philosophy and related historical view of the concentric circle.

The Ministry of Education is committed to the idea of cultivating and promoting Taiwan’s modern citizens in studying about local history education. The ultimate goal is to let students gain a full and rich understanding of their homeland’s past, current and future place in history, along with giving them this historic view from a Taiwan perspective.

Creating an academic area for Taiwan Studies has been a recent development. Even now, there is no such program at European or American universities. Seeking information about Taiwan’s history usually can be found under the categories of “China Studies” and “Sinology”.

Taiwan is recognized for its remarkable growth and many success of the last quarter of 20th century. Its economy has excelled, its society has been liberated and its politics democratized. These changes have given Taiwan a special identity, one that is different from the life and culture of Mainland China. It has given Taiwan’s people a new self-understanding about themselves as being an independent sphere in the history of Taiwan Study and the focal point of today’s conference.

A friend of mine from the University of California at Berkeley told me that scholarly views about the study of Taiwan, in the United States were, indeed, different, especially between the old and new generations of scholars. However, there is one noticeable difference and this is regarding new scholars. In their view, they consider the Study of Taiwan as one worthy of scholarly exploration and not as a tool to better understand the history of Mainland China.

Because of this, the Ministry of Education has responded with its support of Taiwan becoming, a land of subjectivity for going forth into the world, of internationalizing the Study of Taiwan, in order to raise the world’s awareness about Taiwan, its people and cultures and to encourage national and international objective research about Taiwan.

Ever since, two thousand years ago, the Korean Peninsula and North Vietnam were under the control of Mainland China. The upper-levels of society were deeply influenced by Chinese culture. Chinese influences have also been experienced by Japan.

Taiwan was taken by China, as late as the second half of the 17th century, but it had a totally different environment from those countries; Japan, Korea and Vietnam, whose Chinese influences, especially those from the Han society, strongly left impressions upon these cultures. The Study of Taiwan today, can not ignore this historic link.

Except for Japan, Korea, Vietnam and Taiwan faced the same pressure of China, especially within the areas of politics, culture and economy. Studying Taiwan is important, but it is also important to learn from the experiences of Japan and Korea. As early as 1972, the Japanese government established the Japan Foundation for the promotion of Japanese Studies. This foundation has allocated expenditures per year that have exceeded NT$650,000,000. There are more than 1,500 long-term and short-term Japanese studies and projects. The Korean government, in 1991, established the Korea Foundation for the purpose of promoting Korean Studies worldwide. Its allocated expenditures per year have been approximately NT$280,000,000, which support 735 Korean studies about its language, history and culture.

Regarding Taiwan, government and local organizations have jointly contributed NT$3,000,000 for the establishment of the Chiang Ching-kuo Foundation for International Scholarly Exchange, with the government donating 48% of the total contribution.

The Foundation, by using the yearly interest of approximately NT$100,000,000, of the original contribution continues to promote an impressive number of exchange programs. Established before Taiwan’s ‘awakening process’ the foundation’s focus was centered on treating Taiwan Study as part of China Study. In total, the foundation has subsidized 2,428 projects, since its establishment, with less than 1/4 or 575 related to Taiwan Studies. By 2005, the budget utilized regarding Taiwan Studies was far insufficient, in comparison to 1/6 of Korea’s and 1/16 of Japan’s.

In response to this unfavorable situation the Ministry of Education decided to undertake the position for “Taiwan Study” by overseeing a number of international and cooperative projects. Currently, the following four projects have been implemented:

1. the opening of a “Taiwan Study Graduate School” at Waseda University in Japan,

2. the co-organization of the “IIAS European Professorship” with Leiden University, in the Netherlands, for a 5-year program on “Taiwan Study”,

3. the establishment of the “Taiwan Study ”lectureship at Cambridge University, with a five-year program to begin in October 2006,

4. the establishment of the “Lectureship in Modern Taiwanese Studies” at LSE.

In addition to these steps and success, we currently have 6 projects of cooperation in the planning. They include:

1. to establish a rotating “Taiwan Study Professorship” at four leading universities in Tokyo. This 4-year program will be launched in the near future,

2. to open up “Taiwanese Language courses” at Harvard University,

3. to set up a “Taiwan Study Foundation” at the University of California at Santa Barbara,

4. to establish a “Taiwan Study Chair” at San Diego of California University,

5. to set up a “Taiwan Study Chair” at Michigan University,

6. the creation of the “Taiwan Professorship”, on “Chinese Diaspora and Migration” focusing on the history of Taiwan at the University of California at Berkeley.

All of these above mentioned projects are now being carefully examined and are in the process of negotiation. It is expected that some of them will be ratified by the Taiwanese government, in the near future.

In addition to the “Taiwan Study ”program, this ministry has implemented the “Taiwan Study Visiting Scholar Project”, which invites foreign scholars and specialists to come to Taiwan for the purpose of conducting research about Taiwan.

Since 2004, there have been 49 scholars from 20 different countries, including the United States, Japan, Austria and Russia. It is expected that another 45 foreign scholars will be invited to participate in this project, also in the near future.

Now, I would like to present our results and achievements about the “Taiwan Study” program in the local universities to our distinguished guests, here today. First, it is quite apparent that the implementation of education focusing on Taiwan could be realized through outstanding academic achievements and results as basis.

In the past, under the rule of the KMT, the concept of “Taiwan Study” was discouraged or even dangerous to consider, yet alone implement. Nowadays, “Taiwan Study” is gradually blossoming. In 2001, there were only 22 departments, graduate schools or MBA programs courses focusing on comprehensive aspects for “Taiwan Study”. This year, the number has increased to 77.

Currently, within each department offering “Taiwan Study”, the teaching staff is limited, although by comparison to other foreign universities, it is strong. Therefore, the Ministry of Education would like to replenish the teaching staff, in order to reinforce the number of teachers needed for “Taiwan Study”. From 2002 to 2007, 139 “Taiwan Study” teachers are to be added, with 111 being added during the time frame of 2004 to 2007.

Now, let’s refocus on the theme of today’s conference, “Re-writing Culture: Perspectives via Taiwan”, with a note about European perspectives on Taiwan. I have to say that anyone who has visited Taiwan will record what has been seen, heard or thought about. When this happens, a perspective about Taiwan appears. If the personal perspective on Taiwan becomes so powerful, it may even exert an impact on a place or even a country. Then, it becomes a national perspective. Of course, there is seldom only one perspective on Taiwan, in a place or country. As a result, Taiwan as an ‘object’ has always enjoy several different perspectives, like the Chinese, Japanese or European perspectives. We are now strongly committed to supporting the perspective of the “Taiwanese Perspective”.

Throughout the history of Taiwan, many people have come to this island and contributed to their Taiwan perspectives. To name a few, during the 17th century, the last governor of Taiwan of the Dutch East India Company (VOC), Frederik Coyett, and Mr. Philippus Daniel Meij van Meijensteen, a land survey specialist, and his Reverend Moyriac de Mailla of the “Societa Jesu”, in the 18th century, and the British lighthouse keeper, George Taylor, and the British Consul to Formosa, Robert Swinhoe, in 19th century. So you see dear ladies and gentlemen you are among the celebrities of history. Your attendance and participation at this conference will most surely enrich “Taiwan Study” and the perspectives that will contribute to the formation of new perspectives about Taiwan.

In closing, I would like to take this opportunity to wish you all a successful conference and enjoyable stay on Taiwan.

轉載自：老杜部落格