September 27,2006 15:45
新聞報導中A就是A，不該是A+，也不該是A-〈回應 dj 網友〉
先說明技術上的一點問題：因為網路伺服器的關係，所以我無法使用正常的回應接在 dj 的回應之後，又覺得每次都將我的回應加在原文之後不太妥當，所以我新開這篇來回答 dj 網友的問題，請見諒。
dj網友說：
謝謝你的回應
我認為在實務上
很難區分新聞報導與分析間的差異
我們很少會在報上看到原文照登
(不論是否為國內外的官方新聞稿 受訪人的自白 廠商的新聞稿 還是公關公司的活動稿)
主要是因為篇幅
還有最重要的可讀性
(以這次的例子而言 你能夠想像有任何一家報紙全文照翻成中文的可能性有多高? 雖然英文僅有數行而已)
所以對答稿 (q and a)是最真實呈現的方式
但報社確很少會如此做(雜誌較常見)
主因是篇幅
新聞報導與寫作
難免會加入作者的詮釋與理解
國內外都是如此
但是作者必須盡力依照所謂的客觀真實
或至少主觀真實去下筆
否則就是杜撰胡謅與刻意的誤導
當然通常報紙也會用新聞評論(所謂的特稿與小方塊)來呈現
這樣也較為適當
以區分和一般的新聞報導(通常仍都帶有一些分析)之間的差異
阿扁的四不
如你所查得的資料
的確字面上沒提及領土
不過Tom Casey 把它放在主權(sovereignty issues)的意涵中
(在政治學中的意義也確是如此)
直接連結到四不的承諾
這也是另一種銓釋(理解)的例子
看來老美是從阿扁四不的文本與脈絡間去理解
不只是字面上的判斷上而已
我的論點其實很簡單，一個人說過了A，報紙若要刊登的話，就只能報導他曾經說過了A，不能說他說了A+或A-，這跟報紙是否有充足版面等技術性的考量無關，這跟報紙的專業倫理有關。比如說林志玲承認跟言承旭是好朋友，報紙難道就能擴張詮釋，報導說林志玲承認跟言承旭曾有過一段情嗎？
當我們在引述某某人的文章或是名言的時候，最基本的原則就是應該一字不改，我想學校的國文老師在教大家作文時一定反覆地強調這點，指導教授在教導學生寫論文時也一定特別要求這一點，暫引述他人的著作時絕對要正確引用。將這個常識用在新聞報導上，相信不用上過新聞學原理的人也會明白這個道理。至於報紙的版面允不允許，那是編輯台內部的事，跟讀者無關。不過不能因為版面不足，就讓原本是A的東西變成了A+或A-。真實是新聞的生命，這點是最基本的新聞倫理，不是嗎？
引述跟詮釋的差別，就是引述時要百分之百相同，詮釋時則是加入了個人的主觀意見。下面貼了 The New York Times 的一篇有關台灣施陣營的報導，其中分別引述了陳唐山跟施明德的話，讓大家看看一份真正的報紙在處理新聞時該用的方式與角度。
至於領土當然是屬於主權議題，不過這個部份我想另外一篇再談。
http://www.iht.com/articles/2006/09/26/news/taiwan.php
International Herald Tribune
In Taiwan demonstrations, a color taboo is broken
By Keith Bradsher The New York Times
WEDNESDAY, SEPTEMBER 27, 2006
In Taiwan demonstrations, a color taboo is broken
By Keith Bradsher The New York Times
WEDNESDAY, SEPTEMBER 27, 2006
TAIPEI Only a longtime democracy and independence activist like Shih Ming-teh, who had his teeth shattered twice by guards during a quarter century in prison under martial law, could revive the color red in Taiwanese politics.
For the past 18 days, Shih has led a sit- in in front of the presidential palace here by red-clad demonstrators. They demand the resignation of President Chen Shui-bian, the man who now runs the democracy and the political party that Shih helped to create.
Shih's campaign, which has drawn up to several hundred thousand people for one evening's rally but a dwindling crowd in the last few days, emboldened the opposition to start on Tuesday a long-shot legislative effort to recall the president. The man sometimes described as the Nelson Mandela of Taiwan is now leading a movement that, as he acknowledged in an interview, is heavily composed of Nationalists who once ruled Taiwan under martial law.
Leaders of Chen's Democratic Progressive Party, which Shih ran in the 1990s as chairman, are bitter to see him now aligned with many Nationalists. "I hope he doesn't forget those are the guys who tried to kill him, and now they support him as if he is a god," said Mark Chen, the secretary general of the presidential office.
Shih's choice of red for what he describes as an anti-corruption, "people power" movement is especially surprising. The color is associated here with the Chinese Communist Party on the mainland and with Mao's Cultural Revolution, a period of political persecution that lasted from 1966 to 1976.
For decades after Chiang Kai-shek and the Nationalists fled here in 1949 after losing China's civil war to the Communists, red has been taboo in Taiwanese politics. Under martial law, the secret police engaged in a series of witch hunts for Communists, killing and imprisoning thousands; Shih and others who advocated political independence from the mainland and democracy were accused of treason.
Shih said there should be nothing the matter with red now. "I am a very confident man, and red has been politically labeled for too long in Taiwan - the people have the right to choose any color," he said with a mischievous smile.
Shih accuses the president and his family of corruption. This summer, prosecutors charged the president's son-in- law, Chao Chien-ming, with insider trading and sought an eight-year prison term for him.
Chao has denied wrongdoing. Mark Chen, a former foreign minister who is not related to the president, said in an interview Tuesday that "our president is clean and the first lady is clean."
The Nationalists have tried repeatedly to push Chen from office, staging violent protests after he won a disputed re-election in 2004.
By contrast, the Democratic Progressive Party has long presented itself as largely free of corruption.
Shih said that it would be better for the Democratic Progressive Party if Chen stepped down instead of serving the 20 months remaining in his second term. With the president's approval ratings below 20 percent in the polls, his continued stay in office could help the Nationalists win the Taipei and Kaohsiung mayoral elections this December, legislative elections in December next year and the presidential election in March 2008, Shih suggested.
The party has hit back at Shih by releasing photos of his recent meeting in Bangkok with a financier who is on Taiwan's 10 most-wanted list of fugitives for deals that have left Taiwanese banks facing large losses. But Shih said in an interview at the sit-in on Monday evening that the entire sit-in effort, including a stage, large-screen television and other supplies, had been paid for with donations of $3 apiece by a million citizens from across Taiwan.
Shih, who will turn 66 in January, is a leader of a generation of street-wise demonstrators who fought Chiang Kai- shek's police and languished in his jails.
Still,
nobody here expects a repetition of either the protests that have toppled presidents in the Philippines or the coups that have periodically brought down governments in Thailand, most recently last week. Shih said that he had urged anyone with the rank of a two- star general or above not to come to his demonstrations even if sympathized.
"There will not be a coup in Taiwan," he said. "A neutral military is very important for a democratic country."
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