March 30,2005

「一個英國」的保守主義

英保守黨 企圖網住年輕人
2005.03.29  中國時報

這篇報導,讓我注意到了我忽略已久的英國保守黨。但不是因為報導中提到了英國保守黨也架設起了blog(保守之家),而是因為報導中提及英國保守黨的新論述:「一個英國的保守主義」



「保守之家」將自身的任務劃分為兩個階段,第一階段是針對所謂的「社會保守主義人士」下功夫,為保守黨的國會選情拉抬聲勢。第二階段則是持續宣揚「全國一體的保守主義」(One Nation Conservatism),主張恢復以道德價值為基礎的公民社會,並扶助社會上的弱勢族群,與美國總統布希楬櫫的「悲憫的保守主義」異曲同工。(英保守黨 企圖網住年輕人

「一個英國的保守主義」,無疑地,是英國保守黨人士面對政治支持日暮西山的困局而企圖突破重圍的憤然之舉。然而,這個語詞本身,卻也宣告著:以「兩個英國」為執政策略核心的柴契爾主義(Thatcherism),到此終結了。

對於像我這般在青年期不斷聽聞柴契爾的「新右派革命」而成長、而思索的人,這或多或少都是一個微妙的時代訊息。

什麼是「一個英國的保守主義」,英國國會議員Damian Green,如此說道:" the moderate Conservative tradition has always been to create a sense of unity in the country" .(For One Nation, then and now)這當然是暗地承認著:柴契爾主義以打擊工會活動為核心策略的階級分化政治,如果不是錯誤的,至少是不再適用於今日的英國了。

受到英國工黨「第三條路」的嚴重擠壓,保守黨人也不得不向舊日激進的新右派主張(「意識型態的十字軍!」)道別,承認資本主義具有非人性的維度,也認知到企業社會責任乃是當前不可抗拒的潮流:
New measures which do not appear in the traditional accounting standards will be applicable in the 21st century. We recognise that capitalism can have an unacceptable face, but we are rooted in the conviction that capitalism is the best system not just for creating wealth but also for disseminating it widely. The job of a good Conservative Government is to ensure both(For One Nation, then and now

除了在經濟哲學上變換音調,在政治哲學上,「一個英國的保守主義」,也演奏出相異於前的音符。國家機器不再是萬惡之源,而卻被認為是公共服務的承擔者;政府的角色,不是放任階級差異撕裂著社會團結,而是要去重建某種同舟共濟的公民社會:
Modern One Nation Conservatism accepts that governments cannot do everything, but also that governments should not do nothing. Individuals bear the main responsibility for their own lives, but the powers of the state can be used to encourage people to take the choice of behaving responsibly. This is an attitude of mind which appeals across all social classes and economic groups. One of the unifying factors in this country is a contempt for the scrounger, but at the same time a deep well of sympathy for those who are seeking to do the best for themselves but have fallen on hard times. Common humanity, as well as political prudence, would urge that the Conservative Party is seen to address these concerns head on.(Who Needs One Nation Conservatism?

至於這個保守黨版本的「第三條路」,能不能讓保守黨振衰起斃?這就讓政治分析家去臆測吧。我只想暫時舒緩一口氣,回想為理解新右派而苦讀海耶克的日子,然後,獨自慶幸著柴契爾主義的終結。

沿伸閱讀:

Half-nation Tories
The Conservative party converging on Blackpool is now a southern rump whose heartland is inside the M25
Tristram Hunt
Friday October 3, 2003
Guardian

Howard: I'm a one nation Tory
Matthew Tempest, political correspondent
Thursday March 24, 2005
Guardian

紅綠觀點七:全球化、第三條路與紅綠政治
wobblies,火燒之島


Posted by poiesis at 樂多Roodo! │01:20 │回應(2)引用(0)公民政治
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其實美國保守主義又何嘗不是
小布希早已揚棄雷根的政府就是問題的理念,提供各種補助,甚至介入安樂死這種問題,這都被視為他轉向視為政府有更多責任---不論是好是壞
Posted by iron at March 31,2005 00:10
其實,從國家機器的運作而言,右派政府一直有其特定的國家干預模式與型態(這是右派的言行不一)。

我這裡所專注的,只是政治論述的層次 :)
Posted by poiesis at March 31,2005 03:57