October 31,2005

女性主義理論碩士班授課大綱

女性主義理論 (Feminist Theories)


課程目標
「女性主義」是一個包含了多樣性觀點的概念與實踐叢聚,沒有單一確切的定義,但這並不表示欠缺嚴謹的概念思考。恰好相反,女性主義理論的發展,見證了一個從單面向抵抗走向多樣化政治倫理的深度思考。「脈絡化」首要的關鍵字。本研討課程將從「知識」、「權力」與「未來」等三個交互關連的問題意識,去深入探討一些當代具有重大影響力的「女性主義的」理論觀點或議題 ―― 包括,女性主義的知識論立場、女性主體或主體性的建構與解構,生物科技對女性身體的干預與商榷,女性主義生態倫理的願景,南方女性從屬者的全球化處境,以及後殖民的女性主義批判等專題探討。


授課方式

1. 由教師講授。

2. 由學生輪流擔任leading discusser,負責摘要報告當週的讀物,並提出值得探討問題。其他同學可以針對這些問題發表意見,也可以提出其他的問題與觀點。

3. 本課程的指定讀物幾乎都是英文並具有較抽象的理論性格,請修課的同學將此視為一個磨練閱讀與思考理論的機會,這是一個比較輕鬆的讀書會(study group),也是研究所課程基本的seminar型態。學習「如何閱讀」本身正是課程的目的與過程,藉此引導同學進入女性主義理論的幾個基本辯論,並更深入掌握基本的「關鍵字」,更重要的是要理解到一個特定理論觀點的「鋪陳」有其思考與情境的脈絡,而非憑空的「信念」或道德姿態。

4. 請同學在學期中開始構思撰寫自己的期末報告,並開始搜尋資料與參考書籍。預定最後一堂課繳交報告,並將在課堂請同學提出自己報告的綱要,和大家一起討論。


考評及成績核算方式

1. 閱讀本身就是一項理論的實踐,而且如果你能先把自己既定的看法先括號起來「存而不論」,並試圖進入文本,跟著作者的思路走一遍,你將學會更廣闊與思考與理論的對話。而且,這樣的能力將因為永遠跟著你。因此,請同學閱讀每週指定的文章,出席聽講,並學習養成討論的習慣,以及尊重不同意見(他者)的風度。

2. 修課學生應該至少認養一篇文章,負責摘要報告當週的讀物,並提出值得探討問題。

3. 期末報告,最少5000字,最多不超過10000字,主題自定。並應在期中先和教師以email確認主題和預定內容,如有需要,歡迎和教師約定時間當面討論。基本上,期末報告必須是一篇完整的文章:有問題意識,有概念探討,有(暫時的)結論,以及徵引的參考書目。請善用圖書館和網路,但切勿抄襲。


教學進度和指定讀物


第一週9/13 課程總論與讀物介紹:女性主義的幾種「觀點」,和其他理論觀點之間的交會與差異;兼論「如何閱讀」理論;找出「關鍵字」。


第二週9/20 女性主義作為一種「立足點理論」(Standpoint theory)的根本問題:女人的(社會)「立場」是否提供了一個更「正確」或「全面」的知識切入點?
Hartsock, Nancy C. M. 1987. “The Feminist Standpoint: Developing The Ground for a Specifically Feminist Historical Materialism” in Feminism & Methodology, edited by Sandra Harding. Bloomington and Indianapolis: Indiana University Press.


第三週9/27 續「立足點理論」及其修正
Donna Haraway, "Situated Knowledge: The Science Question in Feminism and the Privilege of Partial Perspective," in Simians, Cyborgs, and Women: The Reinvention of Nature (New York, Routledge 1991), pp.183-201.


第四週10/4 在當代資訊科技的許諾中,「立場」的打破與重建成為可能,這種「異質性」觀點具有怎樣的激進批判性格,又潛藏了哪些危險性?
Donna Haraway, "A Cyborg Manifesto: Science, Technology, and Socialist-Feminism in the Late Twentieth Century," in Simians, Cyborgs and Women: The Reinvention of Nature (New York; Routledge, 1991), chapter 9, pp.149-181.
http://www.stanford.edu/dept/HPS/Haraway/CyborgManifesto.html 


第五週10/11 「誰」是第二性?「誰的」第二性?在「解放女人」的理想以及「男性化的女人」之間的弔詭,是否真的能夠提供一個適切的理論與實踐出路?
西蒙.波娃著,陶鐵柱譯,《第二性》(台北市:貓頭鷹)。作者序,第二十五章「獨立的女人」,結論,頁630-675。
〔參考英譯〕Simon de Beauvoir, The Second Sex, trans. H. M. Parshley (New York: Alfred A. Knopf, 1953 [1949]), “Introduction”, pp. xi-xxx, “Conclusion”, pp. 716-732.
http://www.marxists.org/reference/subject/philosophy/works/fr/2ndsex.htm


第六週10/18 「第二性」的選擇和╱或命運,當代的一些討論
Judith Butler, “Sex and Gender in Simone de Beauvoir’s Second Sex”, in Elizabeth Fallaize ed. Simone de Beauvoir: A Critical Reader. (New York: Routledge, 1998), pp. 29-42.
參考《第二性》。


第七週10/25 續「第二性」的選擇和╱或命運,當代的一些討論
Sonia Kruks, “Beauvoir: the Weight of Situation” and Eva Lundvgren-Gothlin, “The Master-Slave Dialectic in the Second Sex”, in Elizabeth Fallaize ed. Simone de Beauvoir, pp. 43-71 and pp. 93-108.
參考《第二性》。


第八週11/1 規範性的「女性主義主體」(feminist subjectivity)和描述性的「女性主體」(female subjectivity)之間存在著怎樣的關係?
Judith Butler, Gender Trouble: Feminism and the Subversion of Identity. (New York: Routledge, 1990), chapter 1 “Subject of Sex/Gender/Desire”, pp. 1-34.


第九週11/8 「規範」的形成與顛覆的可能性
Judith Butler, Gender Trouble, chapter 2 “Prohibition, Psychoanalysis, and the Production of the Heterosexual Matrix”, pp.35-78.


第十週11/15 重新省思何謂「本質」
Diana Fuss, Essentially Speaking: Feminism, Nature and Difference. (New York: Routledge, 1990), pp. 1-38, pp. 113-119.


第十一週11/22 女性的「本質」?關於「母職」的自然與天性
Ann Ferguson, “Motherhood and sexuality: Some Feminist Questions.” In Hypatia 1(2), Fall 1986, pp. 3-22.
西蒙.波娃著,陶鐵柱譯,《第二性》,第十七章「母親」。


第十二週11/29 關於「本質」的「種子」如何被預設、發現、修正與建構
Nancy Tuana, “The Weaker Seed: The Sexist Bias of Reproductive Theory” in Tuana ed., Feminism and Science (Indianapolis: Indiana U. P., 1989), pp. 147-171.
參考Emily Martin,顧彩璇譯,「卵子與精子:科學如何建構了一部以男女刻板性別角色為本的羅曼史」,收錄於《科技渴望性別》STS讀本II(台北:群學,2004),頁199-224。


第十三週12/6 抵抗的行動力(agency)所在,是否必然要立基於集體主體的建構?這種「集體的」主體是否可能?如果可能,又要如何跨越諸多的文化、族類、階級等差異?一味強調「女性」之內的共同點是否會陷入本質主義的陷阱,甚或壓抑了在其他社會面向上弱勢的女性?
Seyla Benhabib, “Feminism and Postmodernism: An Uneasy Alliance” in Seyla Benhabib and Linda J. Nicholson ed. Feminist Contentions: A Philosophical Exchange (New York: Routledge, 1994), pp. 17-34.


第十四週12/13 續抵抗的行動力所在
Judith Butler, “Contingent Foundations: Feminism and the Question of Postmodernism’” in Feminist Contentions, pp. 35-57.
Nancy Fraser, “False Antitheses: A Response to Seyla Benhabib and Judith Butler” in Feminist Contentions, pp. 59-74.


第十五週12/20 生態女性主義運動的理論與實踐
Vandana Shiva, “Women’s Indigenous Knowledge and Biodiversity Conservation” and Maria Mies, “New Reproductive Technologies: Sexist and Racist Implications”in Maria Mies and Vandana Shiva, Ecofeminism (London: Zed Books, 1993), pp. 164-173; pp. 174-197.
參考顧燕翎:〈生態女性主義〉,收在顧燕翎主編《女性主義理論與流派》,1996,台北:女書文化,頁261-282。
Also check out http://eve.enviroweb.org/


第十六週12/27 「女人」為什麼這麼窮?―― 這個世界大部份的人,尤其是女人,都是許多較等論述中的「殘餘」,亦即剩下來的,沒辦法談到的,
Maria Mies, Patriarchy and Accumulation on a World Scale: Women in the International Division of Labour (London: Zed Books, 1986), chapters 2 “Social Origins of the Sexual Division of Labour”, pp. 44-73.


第十七週1/3 續「女人」的貧窮
Maria Mies, Patriarchy and Accumulation on a World Scale, chapter 4 “Housewifization International: Women and the New International Division of Labour”, pp. 112-144.
參考FWCW Platform for Action: Women and Poverty 〔聯合國第四屆全球婦女大會討論女人和貧窮的內容〕http://www.un.org/womenwatch/daw/beijing/platform/poverty.htm


第十八週1/10 學期總結,討論同學的期末報告計劃,自由表述。


其他參考資料
台灣婦女資訊網,http://taiwan.yam.org.tw/womenweb/index.htm
婦女聯合網站,http://www.womenweb.org.tw/wrp.asp
Tanie Barlow, “Theorizing Women: Funü, Guojie, Jiating (Chinese Women, Chinese State, Chinese Family)” in Inderpal Grewal and Caren Kaplan eds., Scattered Hegemonies: Postmodernity and Transnational Feminist Practices (Minnesota: University of Minnesota Press, 1994), pp. 173-196.
Sander Gilman, “Black Bodies, White Bodies: Toward an Iconography of Female Sexuality in Late Nineteenth-Century Art, Medicine, and Literature.” Critical Inquiry 12.Autumn (1985): 204-38.
Ann Fausto-Sterling, “Gender, Race, and Nation: The Comparative Anatomy of “Hottentot” Women in Europe, 1815-1817.” Deviant Bodies: Critical Perspectives on Difference in Science and Popular Culture. Ed. Jennifer Terry & Jacqueline Urla.(Bloomington: Indiana UP, 1995), pp.19-48.
Monica Casper, The Making of an Unborn Patient: A Social Anatomy of Fetal Surgery (Rutgers University Press, 1998).
Sandra Harding, Is Science Multicultural?: Postcolonialisms, Feminisms and Epistemologies (Indiana University Press, 1988).
------- (ed.) Feminism and Methodology (Open University Press, 1987).
Seyla Benhabib and Linda J. Nicholson, Feminist Contentions: A Philosophical Exchange (New York: Routledge, 1994).
Chilla Bulbeck, Re-Orienting Western Feminisms: Women’s Diversity in a Postcolonial World. (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1988).
Helene Cixous, “Castration or Decapitation?” Signs: Journal of Women in Culture and Society 7(1), 1981, pp. 41-55.
Mary Daly, Gyn/Ecology: The Metaethics of Radical Feminism (Boston: Beacon Press, 1978).
Inderpal Drewal and Caren Kaplan (eds.) Scattered Hegemonies: Postmodernity and Transnational Feminist Practices (University Minnesota Press, 1994).
Betty Friedan, The Feminine Mystique (New York: Dell Publishing Co, 1962).
Elizabeth Grosz , Volatile Bodies: Toward a Corporeal Feminism ( Indiana University Press, 1994.)
Sandra Harding, ed., The Science Question in Feminism (Ithaca, NY: Cornell University Press, 1986).
Nancy C. M Hartsock, Money, Sex and Power (Boston: Northeastern University Press, 1984).
Reyes Lazaro, “Feminism and Motherhood: O’Brien vs. Beauvoir.” Hapatia 1(2), Fall 1986, pp, 87-102.
Kate Millett, Sexual Politics (Garden City, N.Y.: Doubleday, 1970).
Chandra Talpade Mohanty, Ann Russo and Lourdes Torres ed., Third World Women and the Politics of Feminism (Indiana University Press, 1991).
Uma Narayan, Dislocating Cultures: Third World Feminism and the Politics of Knowledge (Routledge, 1997).
Adrienne Rich, Of Woman Born: Motherhood as Experience an Institution (New York: W.W. Norton, 1976).
Ariel Salleh, Ecofeminism as Politics: Nature, Marx and the Postmodern (St. Martin’s Press, 1996).
Gayatri Chakravorty Spivak, A Critique of Postcolonial Reason: Toward a History of the Vanishing Present (Harvard University Press, 1999).
Gayatri Chakravorty Spivak, “Can the Subaltern Speak?” in Cary Nelson and Larry Grossberg ed. Marxism and the interpretation of Culture (Chicago: Uni of Illinois P, 1988), pp. 271-313.
Rey Chow, “Where have all the natives gone?” in Writing Diaspora: Tactics of Intervention in Contemporary Cultural Studies (Indianapolis: Indiana UP, 1993 ), pp. 27-54.
Chandra Talpade Mohanty, “Under Western Eyes'" Revisited: Feminist Solidarity through Anticapitalist Struggles” in Signs: Journal of Women in Culture and Society Vol. 28, No. 2, 2003, pp. 499-535. (in Third World Women and the Politics of Feminism, pp. 51-80).

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