August 19,2009 02:54
雙重束縛:無能掙脫的矛盾
《雙重束縛》(The Double Bind)是美國作家克利斯.波傑里安(Chris Bohjalian)向費茲傑羅的《大亨小傳》致敬的作品。
譯者是施清貞,美國西北大學人際傳播學博士,曾任教淡江大學及輔仁大學,現專事翻譯寫作。譯作包括《蘇西的世界》、《接骨師的女兒》、《英倫魔法師》、《愛的歷史》和《不存在的女兒》等。
《雙重束縛》應該算是一部心理懸疑小說。故事開始於一位早年有過創傷經驗、目前服務於街友中心的女孩蘿芮兒,她從某位新近逝世的街友鮑比的遺物中,發現了一張她當年發生意外時的照片,從而引發了追尋的動機:鮑比為什麼會有那張照片?他是誰?當時他在現場嗎?中間再又巧妙地穿插著對《大亨小傳》的致敬。
不過,老實說,我一直到快看完了,才真正確認:《雙重束縛》裡的蓋茨比和黛西真的是在隱射《大亨小傳》的蓋茨比和黛西。然後,最嘔的是,如果以推理小說的標準來看,這簡直就犯了「敘述性詭計」的大忌;但就它是心理懸疑小說來說,似乎也不好苛責。
為了避免影響大家閱讀的興致,我也不好往下「爆雷」,所以......
說到精神病患,費茲傑羅有一句話很有意思:「要看一個人是否具有第一流的才能,最好的測驗莫過於看他是否能在同一時間內容納兩種相互矛盾的念頭,但卻照樣能繼續其思想而不受影響。」
這句話和書名The Double Bind(雙重束縛)頗有異曲同工之妙。Double Bind是一個心理學的專有名詞,指言語上或言語與非言語上互相矛盾的訊息,會使聽者無所適從。例如,「如果一位母親嘴上對自己的寶寶說"我愛你",同時卻扭過頭去不理孩子,這時孩子就受到了"雙重束縛", 小孩子在身心上都嚴重依賴於母親,面臨這種情景,他(她)無法對母親表達出自己心理上的矛盾感受。一個人長期受到雙重束縛,就容易得精神分裂症。」不過,這個理論是有爭議的,因為無法實驗檢證。
《雙重束縛》也和精神分裂有關。嚴格說起來,雖然一個人跌落社會的懸崖的原因很多,但是,因為社會福利和醫療制度不健全的關係,有一些街友是因為患有精神分裂症、又得不到政府的照顧才淪落街頭的,但事實上,他們應該去的地方是療養院才對。(這個事實也可以用來反駁那些認為,精神疾病是有錢有閒的人生的病的錯誤認知)
最後,「雙重束縛」其實令我聯想到了「潛規則」。就「潛規則」的含意來說,也是類似的意思,不是嗎?說話的人的實際意思,往往不是字面上的意思,例如:「有空再來坐」。
我在google的時候,還發現了另一個有趣的溝通技巧,也是利用「雙重束縛」理論的。各位若有興趣可以見:此。做業務和行銷的朋友很是可以一學。
BTW,我之前在網路上看到9 Words Women Use,也是挺好笑的完全不必從字面上理解的語意,不過,這當然和「雙重束縛」不是同樣的意思了。轉貼如下:(因為真得很有趣)
1. Fine: This is the word women use to end an argument when they are right and you need to shut up.
2. Five Minutes: If she is getting dressed, this means a half an hour. Five minutes is only five minutes if you have just been given five more minutes to watch the football before helping around the house.
3. Go Ahead: This is a dare, not permission. Don't Do It!
4. A Loud Sigh: This is actually a word, but is a non-verbal statement often misunderstood by men. A loud sigh means she thinks you are an idiot and wonders why she is wasting her time standing here and arguing with you about nothing. (Refer quickly to No 9 for the meaning of nothing.)
5. That's Okay: This is one of the most dangerous statements a women can make to a man. That's okay means she wants to think long and hard before deciding how and when you will pay for your mistake.
6. Thanks: A woman is thanking you, do not question, or faint. Just say you're welcome. (I want to add a clause here - This is true, unless she says 'Thanks a lot', which is PURE sarcasm and she is not thanking you at all. DO NOT say 'you're welcome' - that will bring on No. 7).
7. Whatever: Is a woman's way of saying, "F-- YOU!"
8. Don't worry about it, I got it: Another dangerous statement, meaning this is something that a woman has told a man to do several times, but is now doing it herself. This will later result in a man asking 'What's wrong?' For the woman's response refer to No. 4.
9. Nothing: This is the calm before the storm. This means something, and you should be on your toes. Arguments that begin with nothing usually end in "Fine".
