October 10,2008

Slavoj Žižek:Don’t Just Do Something, Talk

在最新的《倫敦書評》,Slavoj Žižek(斯拉沃.齊澤克;或紀傑克)發表一篇針對這次全球金融危機的評論文:Don’t Just Do Something, Talk

Žižek指出,很多人都有這樣的想法:‘Don’t just talk, do something!
但問題是,如果只是為了做而做、卻不去思考危機的形成原因、以及可能的後果,還不如先停下來思考、對話,然後去做正確的事。
Faced with a disaster over which we have no real influence, people will often say, stupidly, ‘Don’t just talk, do something!’ Perhaps, lately, we have been doing too much. Maybe it is time to step back, think and say the right thing. True, we often talk about doing something instead of actually doing it – but sometimes we do things in order to avoid talking and thinking about them.Like quickly throwing $700 billion at a problem instead of reflecting on how it came about.
--- 亦即,在Žižek看來,面對這次金融危機,美國政府的問題不是「只說不做」,而是「只做不說」,或者也可以說「還沒想好就做了」。

Žižek也引述經濟學家Joseph Stiglitz 的擔憂,即,儘管漸漸大家都有共識,美國財長Henry Paulson的救市計畫恐怕不會成功,但問題是,面對這樣的金融大海嘯,政治人物也不可能什麼都不做。
於是,在這樣的情況下,Joseph Stiglitz認為 :' So we may have to pray that an agreement crafted with the toxic mix of special interests, misguided economics and right-wing ideologies that produced the crisis can somehow produce a rescue plan that works – or whose failure doesn’t do too much damage.’
--- 換句話說,小布希政府如今提出的種種救市計畫,非但無效,而且,事實上,這次金融危機正是當初同一批人、同樣的意識型態、同樣的經濟政策下的產物。所以,情況就變成:不只要擔心這些計畫會無效、還要擔心它會產生更大的傷害。

Žižek甚至進一步認為,布希政府現在提出的策略,和其在911發生後所提出的戰略,具有相似性:Both times, he evoked the threat to the American way of life and the necessity of fast and decisive action to cope with the danger. Both times, he called for the partial suspension of American values (guarantees of individual freedom, market capitalism) in order to save the same values.
--- 這裡,就911而言,指的應該是《愛國法案》,也就是以反恐為名、侵犯公民的人身自由權。而在這次金融危機,則可能是在指這次的抒困計畫,根本就違反了美國一向引以為傲的「資本主義自由市場」的原則。
例如,共和黨議員 Jim Bunning 就說:This massive bailout is not the solution, it is financial socialism, and it is un-American.
亦即,對右派如共和黨而言,國家介入市場已可謂「社會主義」了,而「社會主義」當然是 un-American。

職是之故,Žižek狠狠地酸了一下最後通過的參議院版本的救市計畫: ‘Socialism’ is OK, it seems, when it serves to save capitalism.
並且指出,這個救市計畫顯然是預設:the only intervention needed is to help the rich get richer, and then the profits will automatically spread down to the poor. Throw enough money at Wall Street, and it will eventually trickle down to Main Street. If you want people to have money to build, don’t give it to them directly, help those who are lending it to them.
也因此,在Žižek看來,如果這樣算是「社會主義」,那這樣的「社會主義」也是很特殊的社會主義,因為,「這個社會主義」的目標 is to help not the poor but the rich, not those who borrow but those who lend.


不過,當然Žižek不會忽略大家現在都在同一艘船上,華爾街倒了、其他人也不見得有利,但是,作為「後馬」的健將,他認為: The real dilemma is not ‘state intervention or not?’ but ‘what kind of state intervention?’ And this is true politics: the struggle to define the conditions that govern our lives. The debate about the bailout deals with decisions about the fundamental features of our social and economic life, even mobilising the ghost of class struggle.
--- 如果是這樣,我倒是很好奇:左派或中間偏左是否真有可能在這次的金融危機中找到好的戰略位置?

文末,Žižek建議民主黨: In the 2000 election, Clinton won with the motto ‘It’s the economy, stupid!’ The Democrats need to get a new message across: ‘It’s the POLITICAL economy, stupid!’ The US doesn’t need less politics, it needs more.
---問題是,如果在美國,「自由派」都是一個最好少用的名詞,說自己在某個程度贊同「後馬」的立場,不知道會不會引起軒然大波?


整篇文章很有意思,頂酸的,值得大家看一下!
全文:http://www.lrb.co.uk/v00/n03/zize01_.html

* Slavoj Žižek,後馬克思主義哲學家、文化評論家。長於以精神分析的語彙(主要是拉康)對文化、政治和經濟情勢做出評論。晚近也研究全球資本主義,並透過拉康來分析資本主義的諸多幻象,堪稱21世紀的左派大將。其在台灣的出版品有:《神經質主體》、《幻見的瘟疫》、《歡迎光臨真實荒漠》、《傾斜觀看》和《與紀傑克對話》。

* Joseph Stiglitz ,2001諾貝爾經濟學獎得主,曾任世界銀行(WB)的首席經濟學者兼資深副總裁,後投注心力於第三世界的貧窮問題,對全球化、貿易不公平的問題多所批評。其在台灣的中文出版品有:《全球化的許諾和失落》、《狂飆的十年:一個繁華盛世的興衰啟示錄》和《世界的另一種可能》。

Posted by franwu at 樂多Roodo! │14:57 │回應(6)引用(0)人文觀點
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在『中國時報』上看到英國有抗議遊行,覺得很興奮,所以把文做了些修改,希望會更清楚一點囉!
Posted by Fran at October 12,2008 14:35
Could take it as the critics to Taiwan government?
Great blogs. I am rss-ing it.
Posted by didierlin at October 13,2008 01:12
didierlin,

顯然是可以的,畢竟,有很多相似點。
而且,最近已經有這樣的評論出現:
外資持續「倒貨」給政府的四大基金,台灣政府簡直是拿台灣人民的納稅錢和退休錢去幫美國華爾街救火。
Posted by Fran at October 13,2008 10:34
謝謝分享:)
Posted by alien at June 8,2009 13:02
Thanks for your introduction of zizek's acticle. Your idea "The personal is political" is really great. or, normal life is political? that is my idea生活政治.
anyway, this passage hit those people hardly.
Posted by andysam at June 23,2009 20:43
The personal is political. 恐怕不是我的理念。
這句話其來有自。是女性主義對自由主義在公/私領域之分的批判。亦即,女性主義注意到,私領域的很多不正義其實源自於社會結構的壓迫。
也就是說,公/私領域的區分、然後對私領域保持中立性的某些自由主義的想法,是很有問題的。

說也奇怪,我發現很多人很喜歡這篇文,但細看網路,Zizek的"粉絲"又幾乎都是隱身的?
Posted by Fran at June 25,2009 02:33