2005年12月16日
關於台大醫院婦產科醫師施景中的文章在查過原文後的小小回應
大家好,我是清大
http://ntuh.mc.ntu.edu.tw/obgy/content/5a-38.htm
,關於其內容我在比較了WHO的原文之後,以下有一些小小的回應,請大家參考看看~J
本文所提到的WHO guideline乃是指WHO於1997年所出版的「Care in normal birth: A practical guide-Report of a technical working group.」
http://www.who.int/reproductive-health/publications/MSM_96_24/MSM_96_24_table_of_contents.en.html
WHO網頁提供全文共54頁的PDF檔案。
間歇性都卜勒胎音檢測與電子系統胎心音監測的比較出現於原文<General aspects of care in labour Part 2- 2.7 Monitoring the Fetus during Labour>的部份。原文提及監測胎兒心跳頻率有兩種方式:間歇性的聽診,以及持續性的電子監測。前者的簡易、便宜及易於取得,使它成為「適當科技」一個清楚的例子,只要受過適當的訓練,照護者可以在家中或是小型的產婦病房隨時監測胎兒心跳,而不受醫院中精緻科技儀器的限制。同時產婦也可以依其意願自由活動。而後者多用於高風險的懷孕期間以及分娩過程,原文提到:「The sensitivity of the method with respect to the detection of fetal distress is high, but the specificity is low (Grant 1989). This means that the method results in a high rate of false positive signals, and a concomitant high number of (unnecessary) interventions, especially if used in a group of low-risk pregnant women (Curzen et al 1984, Borthen et al 1989).」在高風險的懷孕及分娩,這種方式是有用的並且提供了進一步的保險;但對低風險群的孕產婦而言,這種方式很容易帶來不必要的醫療介入。而電子系統胎心音監測的另一個缺點是導致了一種趨勢,也就是照護者,甚至孕產婦家人,關心這個儀器更甚於孕產婦。
這兩種方式的已經在許多試驗中被比較,剖腹產及手術的陰道分娩的比率在電子系統胎心音監測組中都較高。而幾乎沒有證據顯示電子系統胎心音監測組醫療介入的增加對嬰兒帶來任何實質的好處,對胎兒週產期死亡率及新生兒Apgar score並無正面影響。「Only one measure of neonatal outcome was improved by electronic monitoring, in the largest trial: neonatal seizures (MacDonald et al 1985). A further analysis of this trial suggested that the excess risk of neonatal seizures in the auscultation group was mainly limited to labours that were induced or augmented with oxytocin. The follow-up data of the infants with seizures showed an equal incidence of major neurological disabilities in the groups monitored electronically and by auscultation.」此處也就是
原文這麼寫道:「The substantial increase of interventions if labour is monitored electronically is in agreement with the low specificity of the method in low-risk cases, and does not seem to lead to substantive benefits for the infant. The only exception is the occurrence of neonatal seizures. However, these occurred primarily in infants born after the use of oxytocin infusions, and one may rightly ask if labour induced or augmented by oxytocin is to be considered as "normal labour". In countries with sophisticated facilities and a high proportion of institutional births labour which is induced or augmented by oxytocin or prostaglandin is considered high-risk, and such labours only take place under the responsibility of the obstetrician; fetal surveillance will then be by electronic monitoring. In a large follow-up study of midwifery care with intermittent auscultation in normal births but electronic monitoring after referral for oxytocin augmentation, the number of neonatal seizures was very low (Van Alten et al 1989, Treffers et al 1990).」因而原文最後結論道,在normal labour中,間歇性的聽診(間歇性都卜勒胎音檢測)是較好的選擇。只有在風險增加的狀況下,電子系統胎心音監測才有好處,在一般的狀況下只會導致不必要、對胎兒沒有實質好處的介入,並增加孕產婦的不舒適。
在回顧原文之後,我們回到